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Home > CA Providers > Hepatologists

Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD

Accepting New Patients

(Walid S. Ayoub, MD)

(157 Ratings)

Specializes in: Hepatology (Liver Disease)

Creighton University School of Medicine

Professional interests include: transplant procedures, gastrointestinal problems (digestive disorders), liver disease, and more.

8900 Beverly Boulevard 3rd Floor
Los Angeles, CA 90048

(310) 423-2641

Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD is a hepatologist in Los Angeles, CA specializing in hepatology (liver disease). He graduated from Creighton University School of Medicine. Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD is affiliated with Cedars-Sinai.

Office Locations

8900 Beverly Boulevard 3rd Floor
Los Angeles, CA 90048

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Some issues Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD can help you with:

Gastrointestinal Problems (Digestive Disorders)

The gastrointestinal system, or GI tract, is the name given to a collection of organs that work together to digest food. These organs fit together in a long tube, running from the mouth to the anus, and include the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, among others. With so many parts working together, complicated by today's busy lifestyles and diets, digestive problems are common. As many as 1 in 3 Americans have a digestive or GI disorder. There are a huge variety of digestive problems, but the most common are IBS, constipation, GERD, hemorrhoids, and ulcers.

IBS, or irritable bowel syndrome, happens when the muscles surrounding the colon contract too easily or frequently. The result is abdominal pain, cramps, diarrhea or constipation, gas and bloating. IBS attacks can often be brought on by specific triggers, so a key part of treatment is learning which foods trigger IBS attacks and avoiding them. Treatment also includes exercise, avoiding stress, and medications if needed.

Constipation, or large, hard, or infrequent stools, happens to everyone at some point. It can be caused by a disruption in routine or food, or by eating a diet without many fresh fruits and vegetables. Although it is uncomfortable, constipation is common and usually not serious, but it can sometimes become chronic. Adding fiber to the diet, exercising, and taking medications may help.

GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux disease, is a severe form of chronic heartburn where stomach acid spills back up into the esophagus. Left untreated, the acid may even eat away at the esophagus and cause serious damage. Treatment includes changing the diet to avoid trigger foods, losing weight if needed, medications, or even surgery.

Hemorrhoids are blood vessels around the rectum that become irritated, swollen or torn while straining during a bowel movement. They are most often caused by constipation, but can also be caused by pregnancy, diarrhea, or simply a genetic predisposition towards hemorrhoids. Treatment involves first treating any constipation issues, then keeping the area clean and soothed until it has healed. If these measures are ineffective, surgery is sometimes used.

Peptic ulcers are sores or spots of inflammation in the lining of the stomach or close to the stomach in the small intestine. Usually this area is coated with a protective lining that shields the tissue from the strong stomach acid, but a break in the lining can let acid in, causing the sores. It used to be thought that stress caused ulcers, but now it is known that is not the case. Most often, they are caused by an infection by H. pylori bacteria, but ulcers can also be caused by alcohol abuse or overuse of aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or other NSAIDS. The symptoms of an ulcer are pain, hunger, nausea, and fatigue.

Gastrointestinal problems, perhaps more than any other area, are markedly affected by lifestyle. Many disorders can be prevented or treated at least in part by eating a healthy diet high in fiber, exercising regularly, drinking enough water, and limiting alcohol intake. Still, the frequency of digestive disorders means that even the healthiest person can be affected by them. Anyone who notices blood in their stool, experiences abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, or any significant change in bowel movements should see a doctor.

Noteworthy Medicare Patient Procedures Performed by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD in 2023

Click on any procedure below to see further details on volume and pricing among Medicare patients.

Top 5%

By Volume:

FibroScan

In 2023, Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD performed more FibroScan (transient elastography) procedures for Medicare patients than 95% of providers in related specialties within California.

Top 25%

By Volume:

inpatient hospital care

By Affordability:

FibroScan

liver elastography

In 2012, among providers in related specialties within California, Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD performed more inpatient hospital care (for patient admitted to hospital) procedures for Medicare patients than 75% of them and he also had a list price for FibroScan (transient elastography), and liver elastography that was lower than the list prices billed to Medicare by 75% of them. Actual amounts paid by patients can vary widely depending on a number of factors, including insurance coverage. A lower list price, however, might mean lower fees when paying without insurance.

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2012 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD treated as a hepatologist in Los Angeles, CA during 2012 were hospital care and inpatient care.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD for Medicare patients.

doctor visit	282
hospital care	403
inpatient care	403

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2013 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD treated as a hepatologist in Los Angeles, CA during 2013 were hospital care and inpatient care.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD for Medicare patients.

doctor visit	178
hospital care	285
inpatient care	285

2013 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD.

**Gender**
Male	134
Female	87

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	88
Black	25
Hispanic	73
Asian	23
Other	0
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	83
From 75 to 84	0
85 and over	0
Less than 65	115

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD in 2013

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	40
Stroke	6
Ischemic Heart Disease	50
Depression	36
Chronic Kidney Disease	70
Asthma	11
Osteoperosis	10
Atrial Fibrilation	11
Heart Failure	44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	11
Diabetes	55
Dementia	9
Cancer	5

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2014 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD treated as a hepatologist in Los Angeles, CA during 2014 were hospital care and inpatient care.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD for Medicare patients.

doctor visit	288
hospital care	198
inpatient care	198

2014 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD.

**Gender**
Male	144
Female	95

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	105
Black	30
Hispanic	61
Asian	30
Other	0
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	90
From 75 to 84	0
85 and over	0
Less than 65	115

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD in 2014

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	39
Stroke	6
Ischemic Heart Disease	50
Depression	32
Chronic Kidney Disease	65
Asthma	11
Osteoperosis	11
Atrial Fibrilation	10
Heart Failure	35
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	13
Diabetes	46
Dementia	5
Cancer	8

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2015 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD treated as a hepatologist in Los Angeles, CA during 2015 were hospital care and inpatient care.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD for Medicare patients.

doctor visit	378
hospital care	230
inpatient care	230

2015 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD.

**Gender**
Male	294
Female	242

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	216
Black	68
Hispanic	172
Asian	0
Other	0
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	192
From 75 to 84	0
85 and over	0
Less than 65	260

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD in 2015

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	40
Stroke	6
Ischemic Heart Disease	53
Depression	32
Chronic Kidney Disease	72
Asthma	12
Osteoperosis	12
Atrial Fibrilation	12
Heart Failure	37
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	14
Diabetes	54
Dementia	9
Cancer	9

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2016 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD treated as a hepatologist in Los Angeles, CA during 2016 were hospital care, inpatient care, minimally invasive procedures and gastrointestinal procedures.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD for Medicare patients.

doctor visit	396
gastrointestinal procedures	11
hospital care	167
inpatient care	167
minimally invasive procedures	11

2016 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD.

**Gender**
Male	159
Female	127

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	112
Black	40
Hispanic	94
Asian	0
Other	0
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	133
From 75 to 84	0
85 and over	0
Less than 65	115

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD in 2016

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	45
Stroke	7
Ischemic Heart Disease	45
Depression	32
Chronic Kidney Disease	66
Asthma	17
Osteoperosis	9
Atrial Fibrilation	15
Heart Failure	39
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	15
Diabetes	52
Dementia	12
Cancer	10

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2017 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD treated as a hepatologist in Los Angeles, CA during 2017 were hospital care, inpatient care, ultrasound (sonogram) and liver imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD for Medicare patients.

doctor visit	462
gastrointestinal procedures	14
hospital care	285
inpatient care	285
liver imaging	20
minimally invasive procedures	14
ultrasound (sonogram)	20

2017 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD.

**Gender**
Male	192
Female	161

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	146
Black	39
Hispanic	102
Asian	48
Other	18
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	153
From 75 to 84	0
85 and over	0
Less than 65	141

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD in 2017

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	48
Stroke	8
Ischemic Heart Disease	49
Depression	32
Chronic Kidney Disease	74
Asthma	10
Osteoperosis	11
Atrial Fibrilation	13
Heart Failure	44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	20
Diabetes	56
Dementia	14
Cancer	12

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2018 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD treated as a hepatologist in Los Angeles, CA during 2018 were hospital care, inpatient care, ultrasound (sonogram) and liver imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD for Medicare patients.

doctor visit	648
gastrointestinal procedures	11
hospital care	171
inpatient care	171
liver imaging	49
minimally invasive procedures	11
ultrasound (sonogram)	49

2018 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD.

**Gender**
Male	261
Female	225

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	235
Black	50
Hispanic	121
Asian	64
Other	0
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	251
From 75 to 84	81
85 and over	14
Less than 65	140

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD in 2018

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	52
Stroke	5
Ischemic Heart Disease	48
Depression	33
Chronic Kidney Disease	63
Asthma	8
Osteoperosis	12
Atrial Fibrilation	12
Heart Failure	40
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	13
Diabetes	54
Dementia	10
Cancer	11

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2019 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD treated as a hepatologist in Los Angeles, CA during 2019 were hospital care, inpatient care, ultrasound (sonogram) and liver imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD for Medicare patients.

doctor visit	512
hospital care	201
inpatient care	201
liver imaging	27
ultrasound (sonogram)	27

2019 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD.

**Gender**
Male	254
Female	192

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	201
Black	54
Hispanic	119
Asian	53
Other	0
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	224
From 75 to 84	59
85 and over	14
Less than 65	149

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD in 2019

Hypertension	74
High Cholesterol	54
Stroke	8
Ischemic Heart Disease	47
Depression	33
Chronic Kidney Disease	59
Asthma	10
Osteoperosis	14
Atrial Fibrilation	10
Heart Failure	40
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	12
Diabetes	52
Dementia	13
Cancer	13

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2020 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD treated as a hepatologist in Los Angeles, CA during 2020 were hospital care and inpatient care.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD for Medicare patients.

doctor visit	403
hospital care	237
inpatient care	237

2020 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD.

**Gender**
Male	207
Female	185

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	169
Black	42
Hispanic	104
Asian	61
Other	16
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	204
From 75 to 84	71
85 and over	13
Less than 65	104

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD in 2020

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	53
Stroke	6
Ischemic Heart Disease	49
Depression	30
Chronic Kidney Disease	65
Asthma	10
Osteoperosis	15
Atrial Fibrilation	11
Heart Failure	42
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	13
Diabetes	51
Dementia	15
Cancer	13

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2021 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD treated as a hepatologist in Los Angeles, CA during 2021 were hospital care, inpatient care, ultrasound (sonogram) and liver imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD for Medicare patients.

doctor visit	435
hospital care	271
inpatient care	271
liver imaging	29
ultrasound (sonogram)	29

2021 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD.

**Gender**
Male	240
Female	202

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	197
Black	42
Hispanic	111
Asian	69
Other	0
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	225
From 75 to 84	90
85 and over	16
Less than 65	111

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD in 2021

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	60
Stroke	7
Ischemic Heart Disease	54
Depression	31
Chronic Kidney Disease	64
Asthma	10
Osteoperosis	16
Atrial Fibrilation	11
Heart Failure	43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	14
Diabetes	55
Dementia	17
Cancer	12

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2022 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD treated as a hepatologist in Los Angeles, CA during 2022 were hospital care, inpatient care, ultrasound (sonogram) and liver imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD for Medicare patients.

doctor visit	396
hospital care	214
inpatient care	214
liver imaging	100
ultrasound (sonogram)	100

2022 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD.

**Gender**
Male	244
Female	217

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	219
Black	41
Hispanic	105
Asian	70
Other	0
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	247
From 75 to 84	101
85 and over	11
Less than 65	102

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD in 2022

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	73
Stroke	11
Ischemic Heart Disease	39
Depression	29
Chronic Kidney Disease	41
Asthma	12
Osteoperosis	21
Atrial Fibrilation	19
Heart Failure	30
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	16
Diabetes	53
Dementia	8
Cancer	16

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

Average Medicare Procedure Volume From 2012 - 2022

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD for Medicare patients.

The highest averages for the top procedures that Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD treated as a hepatologist in Los Angeles, CA were hospital care, inpatient care, ultrasound (sonogram) and liver imaging.

doctor visit	398
gastrointestinal procedures	12
hospital care	242
inpatient care	242
liver imaging	45
minimally invasive procedures	12
ultrasound (sonogram)	45

Average Medicare Patient Data From 2012 - 2022

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD.

**Gender**
Male	193
Female	157

**Ethnicity**
Black / African American	39
Asian / Pacific Islander	38
Non-Hispanic White	153
Native American / Alaskan Native	0
Hispanic	96
Other	3

**Age**
75 to 84	36
85 and over	6
Less than 65	122
65 to 74	163

Average of Total of Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD From 2012 - 2022

The highest averages of the most common conditions of Medicare patients that Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD treated were hypertension, chronic kidney disease, diabetes and high cholesterol.

Hypertension	68
High Cholesterol	45
Stroke	6
Ischemic Heart Disease	44
Depression	29
Chronic Kidney Disease	58
Asthma	10
Osteoporosis	11
Heart Failure	35
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	12
Diabetes	48
Atrial Fibrillation	11
Dementia	10
Cancer	9

Education & Training

Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD graduated from Creighton University School of Medicine. He completed residency at VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System. He is certified by the IM/Gastroenterology, American Board of Internal Medicine and has a state license in California.

Medical School: Creighton University School of Medicine

Residency: VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System

Board Certification: IM/Gastroenterology, American Board of Internal Medicine

Licensed In: California

Affiliations & Hospitals

Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD is associated with these hospitals and organizations:

Cedars-Sinai

Insurance Information

Please note: Insurance information may change at any time, and the provider may accept your insurance plan even if it is not listed below. Please contact the provider's office to confirm that your insurance is accepted.

Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD appears to accept the following insurance providers: CIGNA PPO, CIGNA HMO, MultiPlan PPO, MultiPlan, United Healthcare PPO, Coventry PPO, United Healthcare HMO, Railroad Medicare, United Healthcare, Anthem Blue Cross HMO, Anthem Blue Cross PPO, Humana, Cigna, Medi-Cal, Anthem, Health Net PPO, Health Net HMO, HealthSmart PPO, HealthSmart, Optima Health, First Health, Beech Street, Aetna PPO, Aetna HMO, Aetna ACO, Aids Healthcare Foundation HMO, Gold Coast PPO, Aids Healthcare Foundation PPO, Blue Shield California HMO, Health Net MAH, Aids Healthcare Foundation MAH, CareMore HMO, Blue Shield California PPO, Medicare MCR, Blue Shield California MAH and CareMore MAH.

Insurance Accepted by Provider includes:

According to our sources, Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD accepts the following insurance providers:

CIGNA PPO

CIGNA HMO

MultiPlan PPO

MultiPlan

United Healthcare PPO

Coventry PPO

United Healthcare HMO

Railroad Medicare

United Healthcare

Anthem Blue Cross HMO

Anthem Blue Cross PPO

Humana

Cigna

Medi-Cal

Anthem

Health Net PPO

Health Net HMO

HealthSmart PPO

HealthSmart

Optima Health

First Health

Beech Street

Aetna PPO

Aetna HMO

Aetna ACO

Aids Healthcare Foundation HMO

Gold Coast PPO

Aids Healthcare Foundation PPO

Blue Shield California HMO

Health Net MAH

Aids Healthcare Foundation MAH

CareMore HMO

Blue Shield California PPO

Medicare MCR

Blue Shield California MAH

CareMore MAH

Ratings & Reviews

Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD has an exceptional overall rating with an average of 4.8 out of 5 stars based on 157 ratings. We collect ratings and reviews of Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD from all over the web to help you find the right in Los Angeles, CA.

4.8

Overall Rating

(157 Ratings)

Leave a Review

Reviews From Around The Web

Overall Rating: 5.0 2025-11-05

Patient verified via Press Ganey

Thank you Dr. AyoubWalid, he gave me a stern warning regardind my current fatty liver condition. I will do better next exam.

Overall Rating: 5.0 2024-05-24

Patient verified via Press Ganey

He was very involved, very professional and very knowledgeable about my condition.

Overall Rating: 5.0 2025-03-29

Patient verified via Press Ganey

Dr Ayoub is awesome he is very knowledgeable caring and thoroughly

Overall Rating: 5.0 2024-04-19

Patient verified via Press Ganey

Both Dr Ayoub and Ashley (NP? PA?) are excellent!

Overall Rating: 5.0 2024-04-24

Patient verified via Press Ganey

He explains everything to my understanding

Overall Rating: 5.0 2024-09-27

Patient verified via Press Ganey

Very good experience on my visit

Overall Rating: 5.0 2025-02-03

Patient verified via Press Ganey

Great communication.

Overall Rating: 5.0 2024-01-19

Patient verified via Press Ganey

Very good

Overall Rating: 5.0 2025-01-17

Patient verified via Press Ganey

Good

General Payments

These charts describe general payments received by Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD. Doctors may receive payments for a number of reasons, including meal compensation, travel compensation, and consulting.

**Payments by Company**
Gilead Sciences, Inc.	$89,787 Vemlidy $49,586	Epclusa $14,716	$25,485
Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	$68,507 Ocaliva $67,057	OCA $1,450
Gilead Sciences Inc	$43,529 Viread $7,350	Vemlidy $6,280	Epclusa $4,288	$25,610
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.	$9,362 DAKLINZA $5,695	$3,667
Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.	$8,590 Stivarga $8,570	Nexavar $20
Other	$19,036 Albutein $5,467	ABT 450 333 072 267 $2,745	Viekira $2,584	Kanuma $745	Mavyret $583	Other $6,912

**Types of Payments**
Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	$84,730
Consulting Fee	$48,970
Honoraria	$33,330
Travel and Lodging	$26,932
Compensation for serving as faculty or as a speaker for a non-accredited and noncertified continuing education program	$22,400
Other	$22,449

Research Payments

Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, MD has received 51 research payments totaling $172,403.

Biography

Dr. Walid Ayoub is a gastroenterology (digestive system) and hepatology (liver disease) specialist in West Hollywood, CA and Los Angeles, CA. Dr. Ayoub has a 5.0 out of 5 star average patient rating. His areas of expertise include gastrointestinal problems (digestive disorders), liver disease, and transplant procedures. He is professionally affiliated with Cedars-Sinai. He is an in-network provider for several insurance carriers, including Anthem, Blue California, and HealthSmart. Yext reports that Dr. Ayoub is accepting new patients at his office in Los Angeles, CA. He attended medical school at Creighton University School of Medicine. For his residency, Dr. Ayoub trained at VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System. Distinctions awarded to Dr. Ayoub include: Fellow, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; Member, Liver and Intestinal Transplant Committee; and Top Doctor Member, Consortium for Autoimmune Liver Diseases. Dr. Ayoub (or staff) is conversant in Arabic and French.