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Providers have been required to publish some pricing information, under the theory that patients armed with better knowledge will naturally select better options. KFF Health News published an article on why pricing transparency efforts might have not gone as smoothly as hoped. One reason is low compliance, with "only about a third of facilities had complied with the regulations" after ten months of the policy being in effect. Another reason is that the data is difficult for patients to use. Lastly, even if this data were readily understandable, it is unclear the extent to which patient selection of healthcare services relies on other factors, such as physician recommendations. Interestingly, the article noted that "Research shows that transparency policies can have mixed effects on prices, with one 2024 study of a New York initiative finding a marginal increase in billed charges."

One of the reasons that companies might not have developed tools for patients to use to easily compare prices across providers is that there might not be a strong enough of a business model to support such efforts. As the article points out, "Two babies might be delivered by the same obstetrician, for example, but the mothers could be charged very different amounts" -- meaning that a website that compared prices could at best offer a range, which ultimately might not be that useful to patients.

Much alarm has been raised about the expiring subsidies for health insurance (specifically, the plans bought off the Affordable Care Act marketplaces), with some people effectively experiencing premiums that doubled. KFF Health News reported on an observed drop of 1.2 million enrollments, which is better than one forecast of 2.2 million. However, the final numbers are not final, since some people might have renewed but find themselves unable to pay for the pricier premiums and those cancellations will become realized later. A few states used state funding to offset the increased premiums, with New Mexico fully replacing the reduction of federal tax subsidies.

One political party was willing to shut the federal government down last fall over the expiring subsidies. It seems that as people face the much higher effective premiums, the other political party might suffer some loss in popularity.

There is a shortage of primary care doctors, and KFF Health News reported on some organizations' attempts to integrate technology to address that shortage. The newer aspect of this movement is to use artificial intelligence (AI) to interview patients and automatically suggest diagnoses and treatment plans, streamlining some work for primary care providers. The second step is that patients can meet primary care providers virtually, expanding geographic reach. The person who was profiled in the article noted that "I think I got an appointment the next day or two days later... It was just such a difference from being told I had to wait two years." Interestingly, researchers have found AI "to be slightly better at identifying 'critical red flags' and recommending care based on clinical guidelines, though the physicians were better at adjusting their treatment recommendations as they spoke more with the patient."

This solution seems to alleviate some short-term challenges, but the current state seems inadequate for long-term care. The technology could improve, or society in general could invest more into primary care. It is perhaps not surprising that some of the primary care doctors who were interviewed wanted organizations to adopt a different approach: "they want less spent on AI and more used to attract and increase pay for primary care staffers". As self-serving as their proposal might sound, it is probably the case that the pay disparity between physician specialists and generalists should be narrowed.

KFF Health News reported on a recent plan by the federal government to slow the growth in Medicare Advantage spending. The rates for 2027 remained virtually unchanged. Additionally, in an effort to reduce excessive billing, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has proposed restricting a practice known as "chart reviews," which can result in extra cost ("estimated $6.7 billion in payments for 2017"). Medicare Advantage plans purportedly engage in this practice for more accurate billing, but a "December 2019 report by the Department of Health and Human Services inspector general found that the health plans 'almost always' used chart reviews to add, rather than delete, diagnoses." Medicare Advantage plans have an incentive to do so because Medicare will compensate more for sicker patients.

Unfortunately, people familiar with this space have noted that "it is 'quite common' for CMS to partially backtrack when faced with opposition from the industry" and "even a minor change to Advantage payments has led the industry to protest that 'the sky will fall as a result, and the proposal is usually dropped.'" It is unclear, therefore, whether this proposal will actually take effect, and even if it does, whether Medicare Advantage plans will find a way of circumventing its intention.

In the spirit of value-based care, Medicaid is tying payments to the effectiveness for some gene therapies, as reported by KFF Health News. Paying only when a treatment is successful is one way of reducing risk as a payer, especially if the treatment is expensive. The details of the program are confidential, so it is unclear whether the performance-based payments are meaningful. Additionally, the program stipulates "discounts and rebates," which could reduce the appeal of the arrangement.

Nevertheless, when these treatments can cost millions of dollars, a performance-based compensation scheme makes a lot of sense. A health insurer might be willing to pay a large number if the treatment successfully avoids larger ongoing costs over the long term. In return, the participating pharmaceutical companies might be able to enjoy a more streamlined process for patients to be approved, which could lead to more sales. This arrangement could be a win-win for Medicaid and for companies that offer effective treatments.