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Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD

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Specializes in: Orthopedics/Orthopedic Surgery

Georgetown University School of Medicine

Professional interests include: elbow problems, musculoskeletal problems, hip arthritis, and more.

1219 Walter Reed Road
Fayetteville, NC 28303

(910) 609-5000

Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD is an orthopedist in Fayetteville, NC specializing in orthopedics/orthopedic surgery. He graduated from Georgetown University School of Medicine. Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD is affiliated with Cape Fear Valley Health.

Office Locations

Cape Fear Valley Health

1219 Walter Reed Road
Fayetteville, NC 28303

(910) 609-5000

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Some issues Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD can help you with:

Musculoskeletal Problems

The musculoskeletal system refers collectively to the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, and nerves. It is what gives the body structure and movement. Because this system encompasses so much of the body, musculoskeletal problems are extremely varied and can happen almost anywhere. There are musculoskeletal problems that affect only the joints, those that affect the bones, those that affect tendons and ligaments, and those that can happen in any area of the body but cause pain and numbness.

Joint problems include bursitis and arthritis. Bursitis is the inflammation of a fluid-filled sac cushion on the outside of a joint, causing symptoms including pain and swelling. Arthritis is the inflammation and damage of a joint due to wear and tear or disease. There are several treatments for arthritis, but if the damage progresses far enough, joint replacement may be necessary. In joint replacement, a metal or plastic implant is surgically placed within the joint to make movement easier.

Bone problems include scoliosis, fractures, and osteoporosis. Scoliosis is a curvature of the spine, making the normally straight spine look like a 'C' or 'S.' It is treated with braces or surgery. Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bones to weaken and break easily. It's most common in women, especially older women. Fully half of all women over 65 have osteoporosis. Fractures are any break in the bone. They can be a simple crack or a severe and complicated shatter. Osteoporosis causes fractures in people who have it, but other causes are trauma (such as a fall) or overuse.

Tendon and ligament problems most often result from injury or overuse. Two good examples are ligament tears and tendonitis. The most common ligament tear is the ACL tear in the knee. This ligament supports and stabilizes the knee and is most often torn during sports activities. Tendonitis happens when a tendon, which connects muscles and bones together, becomes irritated and inflamed. This happens most often in older patients who push their bodies too far, leading to pain and swelling. Treatment for both tendon and ligament problems usually includes rest, ice, and supporting the area to let it heal.

Pain and numbness problems can be caused by overuse, disease, an injury, or a compressed nerve. Lower back pain and carpal tunnel syndrome are two of the most common conditions patients encounter. Lower back pain may be caused by sore muscles that have been overworked, or an injury to the disks separating the vertebrae in the spine. Lower back pain usually goes away on its own within a few days, but it may require medical treatment depending on the cause. Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the nerve at the base of the palm becomes trapped or pinched. Symptoms include tingling, pain, numbness, or weakness in the hand. Treatment involves rest and sometimes steroid injections.

Because the musculoskeletal system involves so much of the body, problems here can be incredibly varied in their type and severity. Some musculoskeletal problems will go away on their own or only require rest, while others may require medication, physical therapy, or even surgery.

Noteworthy Medicare Patient Procedures Performed by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD in 2023

Click on any procedure below to see further details on volume and pricing among Medicare patients.

Top 10%

By Volume:

major joint aspiration

major joint injection

In 2023, Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD performed more major joint aspiration, and major joint injection procedures for Medicare patients than 90% of providers in related specialties within North Carolina.

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2012 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD treated as an orthopedist in Fayetteville, NC during 2012 were rehabilitation, X-rays, musculoskeletal imaging and diagnostic procedures.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD for Medicare patients.

aspiration	211
diagnostic evaluation	160
diagnostic procedures	323
doctor visit	1186
hip imaging	178
hospital care	25
injections	211
inpatient care	25
joint surgery	118
lower extremity surgery	98
manual therapy	67
musculoskeletal imaging	498
pelvic imaging	15
reconstructive surgery	118
rehabilitation	2901
spinal procedures	88
upper extremity surgery	20
X-rays	633

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2013 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD treated as an orthopedist in Fayetteville, NC during 2013 were rehabilitation, X-rays, musculoskeletal imaging and aspiration.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD for Medicare patients.

aspiration	243
diagnostic evaluation	182
diagnostic procedures	23
doctor visit	1311
hip imaging	206
injections	243
joint surgery	86
lab tests	24
lower extremity surgery	86
manual therapy	78
musculoskeletal imaging	593
pelvic imaging	16
reconstructive surgery	86
rehabilitation	3044
spinal procedures	89
X-rays	698

2013 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD.

**Gender**
Male	348
Female	730

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	741
Black	271
Hispanic	22
Asian	0
Other	19
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	481
From 75 to 84	325
85 and over	87
Less than 65	185

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD in 2013

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	70
Stroke	4
Ischemic Heart Disease	36
Depression	20
Chronic Kidney Disease	21
Asthma	10
Osteoperosis	9
Atrial Fibrilation	9
Heart Failure	15
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	14
Diabetes	38
Dementia	8
Cancer	9

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2014 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD treated as an orthopedist in Fayetteville, NC during 2014 were injections, aspiration, X-rays and rehabilitation.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD for Medicare patients.

aspiration	613
diagnostic evaluation	22
diagnostic procedures	19
doctor visit	1631
hip imaging	165
injections	626
lab tests	29
manual therapy	28
musculoskeletal imaging	244
pelvic imaging	15
rehabilitation	286
spinal procedures	125
X-rays	384

2014 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD.

**Gender**
Male	266
Female	482

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	512
Black	183
Hispanic	22
Asian	0
Other	17
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	303
From 75 to 84	235
85 and over	81
Less than 65	129

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD in 2014

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	67
Stroke	4
Ischemic Heart Disease	38
Depression	21
Chronic Kidney Disease	18
Asthma	8
Osteoperosis	8
Atrial Fibrilation	9
Heart Failure	16
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	16
Diabetes	35
Dementia	9
Cancer	8

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2015 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD treated as an orthopedist in Fayetteville, NC during 2015 were X-rays, injections, aspiration and musculoskeletal imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD for Medicare patients.

aspiration	688
compression therapy	14
diagnostic procedures	16
doctor visit	1591
hip imaging	131
immobilization	14
injections	720
lab tests	19
musculoskeletal imaging	559
pain management	18
pelvic imaging	22
spinal procedures	149
X-rays	762

2015 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD.

**Gender**
Male	456
Female	970

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	982
Black	348
Hispanic	44
Asian	0
Other	0
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	586
From 75 to 84	502
85 and over	154
Less than 65	184

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD in 2015

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	67
Stroke	6
Ischemic Heart Disease	38
Depression	19
Chronic Kidney Disease	24
Asthma	13
Osteoperosis	13
Atrial Fibrilation	12
Heart Failure	15
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	16
Diabetes	37
Dementia	10
Cancer	10

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2016 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD treated as an orthopedist in Fayetteville, NC during 2016 were injections, aspiration, X-rays and musculoskeletal imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD for Medicare patients.

aspiration	834
diagnostic procedures	14
doctor visit	1696
injections	871
manual therapy	30
musculoskeletal imaging	399
pain management	19
pelvic imaging	12
rehabilitation	104
spinal procedures	142
X-rays	566

2016 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD.

**Gender**
Male	242
Female	520

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	497
Black	211
Hispanic	23
Asian	18
Other	0
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	283
From 75 to 84	280
85 and over	91
Less than 65	108

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD in 2016

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	65
Stroke	6
Ischemic Heart Disease	37
Depression	20
Chronic Kidney Disease	30
Asthma	19
Osteoperosis	15
Atrial Fibrilation	10
Heart Failure	16
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	15
Diabetes	38
Dementia	11
Cancer	10

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2017 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD treated as an orthopedist in Fayetteville, NC during 2017 were injections, aspiration, X-rays and musculoskeletal imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD for Medicare patients.

aspiration	967
diagnostic procedures	17
doctor visit	1735
injections	986
manual therapy	100
musculoskeletal imaging	436
rehabilitation	378
spinal procedures	152
X-rays	588

2017 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD.

**Gender**
Male	299
Female	655

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	618
Black	262
Hispanic	32
Asian	0
Other	21
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	375
From 75 to 84	309
85 and over	122
Less than 65	148

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD in 2017

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	59
Stroke	5
Ischemic Heart Disease	35
Depression	24
Chronic Kidney Disease	32
Asthma	9
Osteoperosis	14
Atrial Fibrilation	10
Heart Failure	14
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	16
Diabetes	40
Dementia	10
Cancer	8

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2018 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD treated as an orthopedist in Fayetteville, NC during 2018 were injections, aspiration, X-rays and rehabilitation.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD for Medicare patients.

aspiration	876
doctor visit	1753
injections	889
manual therapy	100
musculoskeletal imaging	332
pelvic imaging	14
rehabilitation	432
spinal procedures	185
X-rays	531

2018 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD.

**Gender**
Male	287
Female	645

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	604
Black	244
Hispanic	40
Asian	22
Other	0
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	366
From 75 to 84	309
85 and over	132
Less than 65	125

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD in 2018

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	70
Stroke	4
Ischemic Heart Disease	35
Depression	22
Chronic Kidney Disease	33
Asthma	8
Osteoperosis	19
Atrial Fibrilation	10
Heart Failure	16
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	15
Diabetes	37
Dementia	10
Cancer	10

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2019 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD treated as an orthopedist in Fayetteville, NC during 2019 were injections, aspiration, X-rays and musculoskeletal imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD for Medicare patients.

aspiration	809
doctor visit	1824
injections	821
manual therapy	37
musculoskeletal imaging	336
pain management	12
pelvic imaging	11
rehabilitation	235
spinal procedures	160
X-rays	507

2019 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD.

**Gender**
Male	236
Female	591

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	528
Black	226
Hispanic	34
Asian	18
Other	0
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	349
From 75 to 84	268
85 and over	122
Less than 65	88

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD in 2019

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	71
Stroke	5
Ischemic Heart Disease	37
Depression	23
Chronic Kidney Disease	35
Asthma	7
Osteoperosis	19
Atrial Fibrilation	11
Heart Failure	16
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	16
Diabetes	40
Dementia	12
Cancer	10

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2020 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD treated as an orthopedist in Fayetteville, NC during 2020 were aspiration, injections, X-rays and musculoskeletal imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD for Medicare patients.

aspiration	686
doctor visit	1351
injections	686
musculoskeletal imaging	250
spinal procedures	114
X-rays	364

2020 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD.

**Gender**
Male	181
Female	426

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	395
Black	166
Hispanic	23
Asian	12
Other	0
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	239
From 75 to 84	214
85 and over	91
Less than 65	63

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD in 2020

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	71
Stroke	4
Ischemic Heart Disease	35
Depression	22
Chronic Kidney Disease	39
Asthma	8
Osteoperosis	23
Atrial Fibrilation	11
Heart Failure	15
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	15
Diabetes	42
Dementia	11
Cancer	9

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2021 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD treated as an orthopedist in Fayetteville, NC during 2021 were aspiration, injections, X-rays and musculoskeletal imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD for Medicare patients.

aspiration	794
doctor visit	1468
injections	794
musculoskeletal imaging	267
rehabilitation	53
spinal procedures	109
X-rays	376

2021 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD.

**Gender**
Male	201
Female	415

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	407
Black	155
Hispanic	29
Asian	0
Other	0
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	235
From 75 to 84	222
85 and over	111
Less than 65	48

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD in 2021

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	73
Stroke	5
Ischemic Heart Disease	35
Depression	22
Chronic Kidney Disease	39
Asthma	9
Osteoperosis	25
Atrial Fibrilation	12
Heart Failure	16
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	14
Diabetes	39
Dementia	14
Cancer	10

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2022 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD treated as an orthopedist in Fayetteville, NC during 2022 were aspiration, injections, X-rays and rehabilitation.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD for Medicare patients.

aspiration	711
doctor visit	1305
injections	711
manual therapy	18
musculoskeletal imaging	246
rehabilitation	257
spinal procedures	100
X-rays	346

2022 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD.

**Gender**
Male	228
Female	440

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	433
Black	164
Hispanic	35
Asian	21
Other	0
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	256
From 75 to 84	254
85 and over	105
Less than 65	53

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD in 2022

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	75
Stroke	8
Ischemic Heart Disease	32
Depression	20
Chronic Kidney Disease	28
Asthma	10
Osteoperosis	25
Atrial Fibrilation	17
Heart Failure	17
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	18
Diabetes	40
Dementia	7
Cancer	13

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

Average Medicare Procedure Volume From 2012 - 2022

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD for Medicare patients.

The highest averages for the top procedures that Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD treated as an orthopedist in Fayetteville, NC were rehabilitation, injections, aspiration and X-rays.

aspiration	675
compression therapy	14
diagnostic evaluation	121
diagnostic procedures	68
doctor visit	1531
hip imaging	170
hospital care	25
immobilization	14
injections	687
inpatient care	25
joint surgery	102
lab tests	24
lower extremity surgery	92
manual therapy	57
musculoskeletal imaging	378
pain management	16
pelvic imaging	15
reconstructive surgery	102
rehabilitation	854
spinal procedures	128
upper extremity surgery	20
X-rays	523

Average Medicare Patient Data From 2012 - 2022

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD.

**Gender**
Female	534
Male	249

**Ethnicity**
Black / African American	202
Asian / Pacific Islander	8
Non-Hispanic White	519
Hispanic	27
Native American / Alaskan Native	0
Other	5

**Age**
85 and over	99
75 to 84	265
Less than 65	102
65 to 74	315

Average of Total of Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD From 2012 - 2022

The highest averages of the most common conditions of Medicare patients that Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD treated were hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes and ischemic heart disease.

Hypertension	68
High Cholesterol	62
Stroke	4
Ischemic Heart Disease	32
Depression	19
Chronic Kidney Disease	27
Asthma	9
Osteoporosis	15
Heart Failure	14
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	14
Diabetes	35
Atrial Fibrillation	10
Dementia	9
Cancer	8

Education & Training

Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD graduated from Georgetown University School of Medicine. He completed residency at Brooke Army Medical Center. He is certified by the Board Certification: American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons and has a state license in North Carolina.

Medical School: Georgetown University School of Medicine

Residency: Brooke Army Medical Center

Board Certification: Board Certification: American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons

Licensed In: North Carolina

Affiliations & Hospitals

Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD is associated with these hospitals and organizations:

Cape Fear Valley Health

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General Payments

These charts describe general payments received by Dr. Stephen Howard Kouba, MD. Doctors may receive payments for a number of reasons, including meal compensation, travel compensation, and consulting.

**Payments by Company**
Amgen Inc.	$675 Prolia $459	EVENITY $125	Repatha $14	$76
Smith & Nephew, Inc.	$593 Recon Knees $411	Recon Hips $182
Radius Health, Inc.	$425 Tymlos $403	$22
Horizon Pharma plc	$348 Duexis $161	VIMOVO $145	PENNSAID $43
SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S. LLC	$348 SYNVISC-ONE $258	Osteoarthritis of the knee $89
Other	$5,140 EUFLEXXA $343	OFIRMEV $267	Hyalgan $258	ZORVOLEX $238	Exparel $226	Other $3,807

**Types of Payments**
Food and Beverage	$6,845
Travel and Lodging	$366
Education	$199
Consulting Fee	$119

Biography

Dr. Stephen Kouba practices orthopedics/orthopedic surgery and sports medicine. These areas are among his clinical interests: hip arthritis, knee arthritis, and osteoporosis. Dr. Kouba is professionally affiliated with Cape Fear Valley Health. He attended Georgetown University School of Medicine and subsequently trained at Brooke Army Medical Center for residency.