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Dr. Sandeep Kandregula, MD is a neurosurgeon in Cherry Hill, NJ specializing in neurosurgery.
Angiogram (Angiography)
Angiography is the use of x-rays to examine blood vessels, especially in order to identify any blocked or misshapen vessels that may cause problems. The test itself is called an angiogram. Some of the disorders that angiograms can be used to diagnose include:
During an angiogram, the doctor inserts a very thin, flexible tube called a catheter into a blood vessel through an opening in the groin or arm. The catheter is threaded through the body to the site of the suspected problem, where a small amount of dye is injected into the bloodstream and x-rays are taken. The dye makes the surrounding blood vessels visible via x-ray.
If necessary, certain procedures can be performed after an angiogram while the catheter is in place. Angioplasty is the use of a catheter to widen narrowed or blocked arteries. Stents are like tiny coiled springs that hold blood vessels open, and they can be placed during a catheterization. Damaged heart valves can also be repaired or replaced.
A typical angiogram takes about an hour to perform, but it may be longer if the catheterization is used to perform procedures on the blood vessels. It may be uncomfortable at times but is usually not painful. Afterwards, patients may be monitored for up to six hours to make sure any bleeding from the insertion site has stopped. They are given fluids to help flush the dye from their body. For a day or two after an angiogram it is important for patients to drink plenty of fluids and keep strenuous activity to a minimum.
Stroke
A stroke is a medical emergency that occurs when a blood vessel supplying oxygen and nutrients to the brain is ruptured or blocked. The brain cannot function without a steady supply of oxygen and nutrients, so when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted, even for a brief moment, brain cells begin to die. When a sufficient number of brain cells die, the brain itself can no longer function, meaning that strokes are very dangerous. Strokes can result in impaired movement, speech, cognitive ability, the impairment of important physical functions, and even death.
Anyone can have a stroke, regardless of age and health. Strokes are known to happen at random. However, certain conditions and behaviors can increase one's risk of stroke over time.
Risk factors for stroke include:
There are two main types of stroke: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic stroke occurs more commonly and is when a blood vessel in the brain becomes blocked. Blockages are caused by blood clots and built-up plaque (deposits of fat and cholesterol), which leads to atherosclerosis, a condition where the blood vessels narrow and harden. The resultant restricted blood flow may lead to an ischemic stroke by blocking essential oxygen to the brain, causing the heart to exert more effort to pump blood.
Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in or around the brain ruptures. The burst vessel leaks blood into surrounding brain tissue, causing irreparable brain damage.
Hemorrhagic strokes are less common and may occur from head injuries, brain aneurysms, brain tumors, and bleeding disorders, amongst other conditions.
Both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes require immediate medical treatment. Medical intervention can prevent severe and life-threatening brain damage. Signs of stroke include:
-Disorientation or confusion
-Difficulty speaking
-Difficulty walking
-Impaired vision
-Weakness in the face, legs, or arms
-Severe headaches
When someone suspected of having a stroke reaches the hospital, the patient will usually receive a CT or other scan that provides an image of the brain. The scan results can reveal clotted or leaking blood in the brain. Physical exams, neurological exams, and blood tests may also be used to check for blood clotting and sugar. Treatment begins generally immediately if a stroke is detected.
Medical treatment for ischemic strokes includes a thrombolytic medicine which breaks up and disperses blood clots. This medicine can greatly improve stroke recovery and long-term health. However, the thrombolytic medicine must be administered as soon as possible to achieve these results. Other treatments for ischemic strokes are blood thinners and thrombectomy, a surgical procedure to remove a blood clot in the brain. Thrombectomy is performed by inserting a catheter (thin needle) into the artery to reach the blood clot and mechanically remove it. With the clot removed, normal blood flow to the brain resumes. Thrombectomy is typically performed at most six hours after a patient shows signs of a stroke.
Hemorrhagic strokes are treated with blood-saving medication and surgery. For a hemorrhagic stroke caused by the rupture of an aneurysm (blood vessel bulges), surgery to stem the bleeding aneurysm and vessel may be used. One surgical technique is stent-assisted coiling, which adds a stent (small wire-meshed tube) into the blood vessel to block the leaking opening of the aneurysm. A non-surgical procedure is endovascular coiling, where a catheter (thin, hollow needle) places a platinum wire coil at the spot of the aneurysm. The coil blocks bleeding and prevents the aneurysm from continuing to leak blood. These procedures are usually combined with blood-thickening medications. Blood transfusions may be administered if substantial blood loss has occurred.
Since stroke patients may have lost some essential functions while the blood flow to their brains was obstructed, both ischemic stroke and hemorrhage stroke patients may receive post-stroke rehabilitation to rebuild their physical and mental abilities. Some restorative treatments include occupational, physical, and speech therapy. Patients may also receive care from neurologists, who can assist patients in recovering certain brain functions and cognitive abilities, and rehabilitation psychologists, who may help patients with their emotional, behavioral, and cognitive recovery. Some stroke patients require lengthy rehabilitation and may never fully regain function, while others may recover more quickly. While the fastest recovery improvements are usually seen in the first three or four months, stroke rehabilitation can last for years.
If someone begins to show signs of stroke, contact emergency services and call 9-1-1 immediately since blood flow must be restored as soon as possible to help avoid significant brain damage. If an ambulance takes the person to the hospital, paramedics can initiate stroke treatment as soon as the patient enters the ambulance, allowing for more prompt medical intervention and care.
He has a state license in Pennsylvania.
Licensed In: Pennsylvania
Dr. Sandeep Kandregula, MD appears to accept the following insurance providers: Humana Military (Tricare/Health Net Federal Services), VA Insurance (Veteran's CCN), HealthAmerica / HealthAssurance, a Coventry Plan, Qualcare, Amerihealth of NJ, Highmark Blue Shield, Geisinger Health Plan, US Family Health Plan, UnitedHealthcare, UnitedHealthcare Community Plan of PA, Oxford Health Plan, Medicaid - New Jersey, Humana Medicare, Cigna Healthcare, Keystone First Health Plan, Aetna, Horizon BC/BS of NJ, Centivo, UPMC Health Plan, Medicare - New Jersey, Perennial Advantage, Oscar Health Plan of PA, Highmark Wholecare (fka Gateway Health), Capital Blue Cross/Capital Advantage Insurance Company, Provider Partners Health Plan, Preferred Health Care/Eliance, Clover Health, Claim Watcher (Homestead/INDECs), Medicare - Pennsylvania, Independence Blue Cross (IBC), Jefferson Health Plans/Health Partners, PA Health & Wellness, Rail Road Medicare/Palmetto GBA, Devoted Health Plan, Global Medical Management, Imagine Health (Imagine Health 360), Group Health Plan (GHP), First Health PPO, Aetna POS, Aetna HMO, Aetna Signature Administrators, CIGNA PPO, CIGNA POS, CIGNA HMO, Aetna Savings Plus, CIGNA EPO, Aetna Gold, AARP, Medicare Advantage, First Health POS, First Health HMO, Oxford HMO, Oxford PPO, Qualcare PPO, Jefferson Health Plans/Health Partners Platinum HMO POS, Independence Blue Cross (IBC) Workers Comp, Highmark Blue Shield First Priority Life (FPLIC) - AffordaBlue PPO, Jefferson Health Plans/Health Partners Prime, Aetna Advantra Credit Value, Jefferson Health Plans/Health Partners Flex Plus PPO, Independence Blue Cross (IBC) Keystone HMO, Clover Health Classic HMO, Highmark Blue Shield Freedom Blue PPO, Devoted Health Core Pennsylvania (HMO), Clover Health Choice, PA Health & Wellness Ambetter, Jefferson Health Plans/Health Partners Giveback, Qualcare POS, Jefferson Health Plans/Health Partners Complete, Oscar Health Plan of Pennsylvania HMO, Independence Blue Cross (IBC) Personal Choice EPO, Qualcare Workers Comp, Provider Partners Health Plan Community Plan HMO SNP, UPMC Health Plan Community HealthChoices, Keystone Health Plan East Keystone65 (Essential, Basic, Select, Liberty) HMO, Claim Watcher (Homestead/ INDECs) Open Access, Aetna Advantra Value, Aetna Advantra Eagle POS, Imagine Health (Imagine Health 360) EPO, Highmark Blue Shield My Blue Access PPO, PA Health & Wellness Allwell - HMO, Highmark Blue Shield My Direct Blue EPO, Highmark Wholecare (fka Gateway Health) Assured Ruby HMO SNP, UPMC Health Plan - UPMC for You (PA HealthChoices), Aetna Advantra Premier Plus PPO, BS of New Jersey Advantage - EPO, Highmark Blue Shield BlueCare Custom PPO, Aetna Premier, Devoted Health Choice Plus Pennsylvania (PPO), Keystone Health Plan East POS, Highmark Wholecare (fka Gateway Health) Assured Diamond HMO SNP, Devoted Health Choice Pennsylvania (PPO), PA Health & Wellness Community HealthChoices, Highmark Blue Shield Complete Blue PPO Premier, Keystone Autism Services, Jefferson Health Plans/Health Partners Special, Aetna Flexible Five, Devoted Health Giveback Pennsylvania (HMO), Highmark Blue Shield PPO, Independence Blue Cross (IBC) HMO, Highmark Wholecare (fka Gateway Health) Payor Access Agreement, Jefferson Health Plans/Health Partners (PA HealthChoices; includes CHIP), Centivo EPO, PA Health & Wellness Allwell - PPO, Preferred Health Care/Eliance PPO, Jefferson Health Plans/Health Partners Dual Pearl SNP, Oxford Health Plan POS, Aetna Advantra Cares D-SNP, Highmark Blue Shield Complete Blue PPO Choice Deluxe, Aetna APCN Plus (Multi-Tier), Aetna Premier Plus, Independence Blue Cross (IBC) Proactive HMO, Independence Blue Cross (IBC) Personal Choice 65 (Prime, Saver, Elite) PPO, Aetna Philly Prime, Clover Health Choice Value PPO, Independence Blue Cross (IBC) Behavioral Health, Aetna Upfront Advantage, Devoted Health Dual Plus Pennsylvania (HMO D-SNP), Aetna Freedom Core, Qualcare HMO, Jefferson Health Plans/Health Partners Flex, Independence Blue Cross (IBC) PPO, PA Health & Wellness Allwell - SNP, Aetna Advantra Eagle HMO, Provider Partners Health Plan Advantage Plan HMO SNP, Independence Blue Cross (IBC) Personal Choice PPO, Aetna Advantra Value Plus, Preferred Health Care/Eliance EPO, Independence Blue Cross (IBC) POS, Clover Health Value, Aetna Student Health Plan PPO, Aetna PPO APCN, Devoted Health Choice Giveback Pennsylvania (PPO), Jefferson Health Plans/Health Partners Silver and Keystone Health Plan East HMO.
According to our sources, Dr. Sandeep Kandregula, MD accepts the following insurance providers:
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Dr. Sandeep Kandregula is a medical specialist in neurosurgery. He usually is in-network for UnitedHealthcare, Blue California, and Coventry, as well as other insurance carriers. According to Yext, new patients are welcome to contact Dr. Kandregula's office in Cherry Hill, NJ.
