Procedure Volume Patient Data Patient Conditions Reviews General Payments Back to Top

Home > GA Providers

Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD

(No ratings)

Specializes in: Interventional Radiology/Diagnostic Radiology (IR/DR) and Diagnostic Radiology

University of Mississippi School of Medicine (2009)

4477 Towne Lake Parkway
Woodstock, GA 30189

(678) 581-3830

Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD is a radiologist in Sw Rome, GA specializing in interventional radiology/diagnostic radiology (ir/dr) and diagnostic radiology. He graduated from University of Mississippi School of Medicine in 2009 and has 17 years of experience. Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD is affiliated with Wellstar, PRO RADIOLOGY, LLC and QUANTUM RADIOLOGY PC.

Office Locations

1314 Turner Mccall Boulevard
Sw Rome, GA 30161

open_in_new

307 West Robinson Avenue
Grovetown, GA 30813

open_in_new

3980 Jiles Road
Nw Kennesaw, GA 30144

open_in_new

4244 Washington Road
Evans, GA 30809

open_in_new

Wellstar

4477 Towne Lake Parkway
Woodstock, GA 30189

(678) 581-3830

open_in_new

790 Church Street Ne Suite 400
Marietta, GA 30060

(678) 581-3830

open_in_new

Noteworthy Medicare Patient Procedures Performed by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2023

Click on any procedure below to see further details on volume and pricing among Medicare patients.

Top 10%

By Volume:

neck ultrasound

In 2023, Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD performed more neck ultrasound procedures for Medicare patients than 90% of providers in related specialties within Georgia.

Top 25%

By Volume:

abdominal paracentesis

gastrointestinal procedures

minimally invasive procedures

By Affordability:

X-rays

In 2012, among providers in related specialties within Georgia, Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD performed more abdominal paracentesis (abdominal tap), gastrointestinal procedures, and minimally invasive procedures procedures for Medicare patients than 75% of them and he also had a list price for X-rays that was lower than the list prices billed to Medicare by 75% of them. Actual amounts paid by patients can vary widely depending on a number of factors, including insurance coverage. A lower list price, however, might mean lower fees when paying without insurance.

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2012 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD treated as a radiologist in Sw Rome, GA during 2012 were CT scan, X-rays, thoracic (chest) imaging and brain imaging (neuroimaging).

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD for Medicare patients.

abdominal imaging	12
brain imaging (neuroimaging)	18
CT scan	30
pelvic imaging	12
thoracic (chest) imaging	26
X-rays	26

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2013 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD treated as a radiologist in Sw Rome, GA during 2013 were X-rays, thoracic (chest) imaging, CT scan and brain imaging (neuroimaging).

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD for Medicare patients.

brain imaging (neuroimaging)	20
CT scan	20
thoracic (chest) imaging	69
X-rays	69

2013 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD.

**Gender**
Male	49
Female	79

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	94
Black	20
Hispanic	0
Asian	0
Other	0
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	43
From 75 to 84	38
85 and over	16
Less than 65	31

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2013

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	62
Stroke	12
Ischemic Heart Disease	50
Depression	45
Chronic Kidney Disease	45
Asthma	15
Osteoperosis	11
Atrial Fibrilation	16
Heart Failure	50
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	31
Diabetes	46
Dementia	30
Cancer	13

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2014 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD treated as a radiologist in Sw Rome, GA during 2014 were X-rays and thoracic (chest) imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD for Medicare patients.

thoracic (chest) imaging	64
X-rays	64

2014 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD.

**Gender**
Male	40
Female	69

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	85
Black	12
Hispanic	0
Asian	0
Other	0
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	31
From 75 to 84	38
85 and over	16
Less than 65	24

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2014

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	58
Stroke	20
Ischemic Heart Disease	59
Depression	44
Chronic Kidney Disease	41
Asthma	15
Osteoperosis	12
Atrial Fibrilation	16
Heart Failure	44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	43
Diabetes	47
Dementia	32
Cancer	0

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2015 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD treated as a radiologist in Sw Rome, GA during 2015 were X-rays, CT scan, thoracic (chest) imaging and abdominal imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD for Medicare patients.

abdominal imaging	200
angioplasty	20
aspiration	57
bone marrow tests	36
brain imaging (neuroimaging)	74
catheterization	35
CT scan	239
diagnostic procedures	36
dialysis access procedures	25
pelvic imaging	119
pleural drainage	22
thoracic (chest) imaging	201
ultrasound (sonogram)	39
vascular procedures	36
X-rays	244

2015 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD.

**Gender**
Male	854
Female	1072

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	1548
Black	348
Hispanic	0
Asian	0
Other	0
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	704
From 75 to 84	630
85 and over	226
Less than 65	366

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2015

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	56
Stroke	16
Ischemic Heart Disease	52
Depression	28
Chronic Kidney Disease	43
Asthma	21
Osteoperosis	10
Atrial Fibrilation	18
Heart Failure	33
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	26
Diabetes	35
Dementia	17
Cancer	19

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2016 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD treated as a radiologist in Sw Rome, GA during 2016 were CT scan, X-rays, vascular procedures and thoracic (chest) imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD for Medicare patients.

abdominal imaging	266
anastomosis	21
angioplasty	36
aspiration	167
blood draw	38
bone marrow tests	92
brain imaging (neuroimaging)	127
catheterization	183
CT scan	410
device removal	11
diagnostic procedures	168
dialysis access procedures	84
gastrointestinal procedures	95
image guided procedures	29
injections	60
lab tests	27
minimally invasive procedures	193
minor procedures	76
nerve block	43
pain management	60
pelvic imaging	199
pleural drainage	92
spinal procedures	85
thoracic (chest) imaging	297
thoracostomy	26
thrombectomy (blood clot removal)	15
ultrasound (sonogram)	166
urologic procedures	11
vascular procedures	320
X-rays	341

2016 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD.

**Gender**
Male	993
Female	1142

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	1724
Black	366
Hispanic	19
Asian	0
Other	0
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	801
From 75 to 84	620
85 and over	290
Less than 65	424

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2016

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	56
Stroke	16
Ischemic Heart Disease	54
Depression	27
Chronic Kidney Disease	49
Asthma	28
Osteoperosis	8
Atrial Fibrilation	20
Heart Failure	38
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	27
Diabetes	39
Dementia	21
Cancer	18

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2017 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD treated as a radiologist in Sw Rome, GA during 2017 were thoracic (chest) imaging, X-rays, CT scan and abdominal imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD for Medicare patients.

abdominal imaging	433
aspiration	52
bone marrow tests	30
brain imaging (neuroimaging)	35
catheterization	29
CT scan	588
diagnostic procedures	66
gastrointestinal procedures	27
minimally invasive procedures	36
minor procedures	36
musculoskeletal imaging	46
neck imaging	14
pelvic imaging	316
pleural drainage	16
spinal procedures	46
thoracic (chest) imaging	1083
ultrasound (sonogram)	175
vascular procedures	82
X-rays	1053

2017 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD.

**Gender**
Male	1038
Female	1432

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	2002
Black	366
Hispanic	51
Asian	0
Other	33
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	991
From 75 to 84	713
85 and over	361
Less than 65	405

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2017

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	57
Stroke	11
Ischemic Heart Disease	45
Depression	28
Chronic Kidney Disease	50
Asthma	12
Osteoperosis	9
Atrial Fibrilation	19
Heart Failure	31
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	29
Diabetes	39
Dementia	20
Cancer	18

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2018 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD treated as a radiologist in Sw Rome, GA during 2018 were CT scan, abdominal imaging, thoracic (chest) imaging and pelvic imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD for Medicare patients.

abdominal imaging	300
aspiration	15
CT scan	427
diagnostic procedures	42
doctor visit	52
gastrointestinal procedures	11
minimally invasive procedures	42
minor procedures	42
musculoskeletal imaging	52
neck imaging	33
pelvic imaging	219
spinal procedures	102
thoracic (chest) imaging	222
ultrasound (sonogram)	191
vascular procedures	63
X-rays	198

2018 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD.

**Gender**
Male	1040
Female	1349

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	1860
Black	399
Hispanic	60
Asian	34
Other	0
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	980
From 75 to 84	748
85 and over	320
Less than 65	341

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2018

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	66
Stroke	11
Ischemic Heart Disease	46
Depression	29
Chronic Kidney Disease	51
Asthma	12
Osteoperosis	9
Atrial Fibrilation	18
Heart Failure	34
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	29
Diabetes	39
Dementia	22
Cancer	19

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2019 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD treated as a radiologist in Sw Rome, GA during 2019 were CT scan, abdominal imaging, pelvic imaging and ultrasound (sonogram).

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD for Medicare patients.

abdominal imaging	271
CT scan	343
diagnostic procedures	37
doctor visit	40
minimally invasive procedures	37
minor procedures	37
musculoskeletal imaging	58
neck imaging	35
pelvic imaging	208
spinal procedures	51
thoracic (chest) imaging	153
ultrasound (sonogram)	194
vascular procedures	78
X-rays	156

2019 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD.

**Gender**
Male	925
Female	1150

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	1568
Black	375
Hispanic	55
Asian	0
Other	43
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	847
From 75 to 84	653
85 and over	319
Less than 65	256

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2019

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	70
Stroke	12
Ischemic Heart Disease	50
Depression	32
Chronic Kidney Disease	54
Asthma	11
Osteoperosis	10
Atrial Fibrilation	22
Heart Failure	37
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	29
Diabetes	39
Dementia	25
Cancer	20

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2020 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD treated as a radiologist in Sw Rome, GA during 2020 were abdominal imaging, CT scan, ultrasound (sonogram) and pelvic imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD for Medicare patients.

abdominal imaging	269
aspiration	35
CT scan	252
diagnostic procedures	15
minimally invasive procedures	15
minor procedures	15
musculoskeletal imaging	42
neck imaging	45
pelvic imaging	201
spinal procedures	26
thoracic (chest) imaging	90
ultrasound (sonogram)	225
vascular procedures	73
X-rays	119

2020 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD.

**Gender**
Male	848
Female	1103

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	1392
Black	450
Hispanic	49
Asian	15
Other	45
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	770
From 75 to 84	634
85 and over	309
Less than 65	238

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2020

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	68
Stroke	13
Ischemic Heart Disease	51
Depression	30
Chronic Kidney Disease	57
Asthma	11
Osteoperosis	10
Atrial Fibrilation	21
Heart Failure	38
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	24
Diabetes	42
Dementia	28
Cancer	17

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2021 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD treated as a radiologist in Sw Rome, GA during 2021 were ultrasound (sonogram), abdominal imaging, CT scan and pelvic imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD for Medicare patients.

abdominal imaging	217
aspiration	70
CT scan	179
hospital care	13
inpatient care	13
musculoskeletal imaging	42
neck imaging	50
pelvic imaging	129
pleural drainage	16
spinal procedures	22
thoracic (chest) imaging	66
ultrasound (sonogram)	222
vascular procedures	68
X-rays	80

2021 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD.

**Gender**
Male	667
Female	834

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	1068
Black	342
Hispanic	30
Asian	29
Other	32
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	644
From 75 to 84	450
85 and over	207
Less than 65	200

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2021

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	68
Stroke	13
Ischemic Heart Disease	50
Depression	31
Chronic Kidney Disease	58
Asthma	11
Osteoperosis	9
Atrial Fibrilation	20
Heart Failure	38
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	22
Diabetes	40
Dementia	27
Cancer	19

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2022 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD treated as a radiologist in Sw Rome, GA during 2022 were ultrasound (sonogram), abdominal imaging, CT scan and pelvic imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD for Medicare patients.

abdominal imaging	166
anastomosis	22
aspiration	52
catheterization	22
CT scan	102
gastrointestinal procedures	33
hospital care	11
inpatient care	11
minimally invasive procedures	22
musculoskeletal imaging	15
neck imaging	70
pelvic imaging	79
pleural drainage	21
thoracic (chest) imaging	43
ultrasound (sonogram)	237
vascular procedures	60
X-rays	50

2022 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD.

**Gender**
Male	515
Female	635

**Ethnicity**
Non-Hispanic White	884
Black	186
Hispanic	36
Asian	0
Other	24
Native American	0

**Age**
From 65 to 74	447
From 75 to 84	407
85 and over	196
Less than 65	100

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2022

Hypertension	75
High Cholesterol	75
Stroke	19
Ischemic Heart Disease	44
Depression	27
Chronic Kidney Disease	35
Asthma	11
Osteoperosis	15
Atrial Fibrilation	30
Heart Failure	33
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	23
Diabetes	38
Dementia	20
Cancer	21

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

Average Medicare Procedure Volume From 2012 - 2022

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD for Medicare patients.

The highest averages for the top procedures that Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD treated as a radiologist in Sw Rome, GA were CT scan, abdominal imaging, X-rays and thoracic (chest) imaging.

abdominal imaging	237
anastomosis	21
angioplasty	28
aspiration	64
blood draw	38
bone marrow tests	52
brain imaging (neuroimaging)	54
catheterization	67
CT scan	259
device removal	11
diagnostic procedures	60
dialysis access procedures	54
doctor visit	46
gastrointestinal procedures	41
hospital care	12
image guided procedures	29
injections	60
inpatient care	12
lab tests	27
minimally invasive procedures	57
minor procedures	41
musculoskeletal imaging	42
neck imaging	41
nerve block	43
pain management	60
pelvic imaging	164
pleural drainage	33
spinal procedures	55
thoracic (chest) imaging	210
thoracostomy	26
thrombectomy (blood clot removal)	15
ultrasound (sonogram)	181
urologic procedures	11
vascular procedures	97
X-rays	218

Average Medicare Patient Data From 2012 - 2022

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD.

**Gender**
Male	633
Female	805

**Ethnicity**
Black / African American	260
Asian / Pacific Islander	7
Non-Hispanic White	1111
Native American / Alaskan Native	0
Hispanic	27
Other	16

**Age**
75 to 84	448
85 and over	205
Less than 65	216
65 to 74	568

Average of Total of Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD From 2012 - 2022

The highest averages of the most common conditions of Medicare patients that Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD treated were hypertension, high cholesterol, ischemic heart disease and chronic kidney disease.

Hypertension	68
High Cholesterol	57
Stroke	13
Ischemic Heart Disease	45
Depression	29
Chronic Kidney Disease	43
Asthma	13
Osteoporosis	9
Heart Failure	34
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	25
Diabetes	36
Atrial Fibrillation	18
Dementia	22
Cancer	14

Education & Training

Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD graduated from University of Mississippi School of Medicine in 2009. He completed residency at Baylor University Medical Center. He is certified by the American Board of Radiology {Interv/Diagnostic} and has a state license in Georgia.

Medical School: University of Mississippi School of Medicine (2009)

Residency: Baylor University Medical Center

Board Certification: American Board of Radiology {Interv/Diagnostic}

Licensed In: Georgia

Affiliations & Hospitals

Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD is associated with these hospitals and organizations:

Wellstar

PRO RADIOLOGY, LLC

QUANTUM RADIOLOGY PC

Ratings & Reviews

Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD does not have any reviews yet, be the first to leave a review of Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD here: Leave a Review

(No ratings)

Leave a Review

General Payments

These charts describe general payments received by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD. Doctors may receive payments for a number of reasons, including meal compensation, travel compensation, and consulting.

**Payments by Company**
Medtronic USA, Inc.	$2,339 KYPHON Balloon Kyphoplasty $2,019	OSTEOCOOL RF ABLATION $320
Medtronic, Inc.	$713 KYPHON Balloon Kyphoplasty $697	CONCERTOTM $16
Medtronic Sofamor Danek USA, Inc.	$613 Interventional Therapies $508	KYPHON Balloon Kyphoplasty $94	Pain Therapies $11
Biocompatibles, Inc.	$428 THERASPHERE - BIO $291	VISUAL-ICE $137
Penumbra, Inc.	$305 Penumbra Ruby Coil $172	Ruby Coil $133
Other	$1,688 INTERVENTIONAL PRODUCTS $149	SIR-Spheres microspheres $142	Vascular Intervention $125	GENERAL - EMBOLICS $119	Embozene $100	Other $1,053

**Types of Payments**
Food and Beverage	$4,168
Travel and Lodging	$1,237
Consulting Fee	$680

Biography

Dr. Michael Ray's areas of specialization are interventional radiology/diagnostic radiology (IR/DR) and diagnostic radiology. His hospital/clinic affiliations include Wellstar Windy Hill Hospital, WellStar North Fulton Hospital, and WellStar Cobb Hospital. Dr. Ray graduated from the University of Mississippi School of Medicine and then he performed his residency at Baylor University Medical Center.

Select Year:

Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD

Office Locations

Noteworthy Medicare Patient Procedures Performed by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2023

By Volume:

By Volume:

By Affordability:

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2012 Medicare Procedure Volume

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2013 Medicare Procedure Volume

2013 Medicare Patient Data

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2013

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2014 Medicare Procedure Volume

2014 Medicare Patient Data

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2014

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2015 Medicare Procedure Volume

2015 Medicare Patient Data

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2015

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2016 Medicare Procedure Volume

2016 Medicare Patient Data

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2016

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2017 Medicare Procedure Volume

2017 Medicare Patient Data

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2017

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2018 Medicare Procedure Volume

2018 Medicare Patient Data

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2018

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2019 Medicare Procedure Volume

2019 Medicare Patient Data

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2019

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2020 Medicare Procedure Volume

2020 Medicare Patient Data

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2020

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2021 Medicare Procedure Volume

2021 Medicare Patient Data

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2021

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2022 Medicare Procedure Volume

2022 Medicare Patient Data

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD in 2022

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

Average Medicare Procedure Volume From 2012 - 2022

Average Medicare Patient Data From 2012 - 2022

Average of Total of Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Michael Jordan Ray, MD From 2012 - 2022

Education & Training

Affiliations & Hospitals

Ratings & Reviews

General Payments

Biography