Julia L. Evans, PSY, PHD

Children may be diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome by a pediatric neurologist, child psychologist, or pediatric neuropsychologist. Once a child is diagnosed with Asperger's, he or she may receive therapy or other treatments. While there are no drugs specifically intended for Asperger's, some doctors may prescribe antidepressant SSRIs (selective serotonin inhibitors) or stimulant medication to improve the mental health of some Asperger's patients.

Therapy can also help people with Asperger's, notably by improving their communication and guiding them to overcome personal issues and social difficulties. In particular, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) can help patients identify patterns of repetitive behaviors and narrow interests that may hinder them. Conversely, therapists may also teach people how to take advantage of certain Asperger's symptoms, such as an intense focus on a single interest, and use it to positively affect themselves and others. Social skills training (SST) is another behavioral therapy that helps people with Asperger's. SST encourages people with Asperger's to refine their social and conversational skills in a safe environment. By learning social cues and practicing behaviors in real time, people can better adapt to social situations. For example, someone who struggles in workplace environments may memorize a number of talking points for use during normal conversation. Other treatments may include psychoactive prescription medications for stress and anxiety associated with Asperger's, as well as physical and occupational therapy for those struggling with coordination.

Although no cure for Asperger's syndrome currently exists, therapy can significantly enhance the quality of life for many "Aspies," or people with Asperger's syndrome. With ongoing therapy and support, people with Asperger's can learn to lessen their symptoms and while also strengthening their own interests and skills.

Some people with bulimia may have swollen parotid glands (salivary glands near the cheeks) that give their face a puffy "chipmunk" appearance. Their skin may look dehydrated and dull from repeated purging. Red scars and marks on the backs of the knuckles are prevalent in those with bulimia. Eating disorder experts may refer to these as "Russel's sign," named after a well-known psychologist.

However, others with bulimia may not show any outward signs of having an eating disorder. They may deliberately hide their eating habits or conceal their purging after a meal. It is important that family members and friends help loved ones with bulimia seek treatment. While many people with bulimia are still able to lead outwardly successful and active lifestyles, bulimia may have lasting and severe consequences to one's health. Electrolyte imbalance from bulimia is particularly dangerous and may lead to heart attack or stroke. Similarly, continued dehydration and disturbances in electrolyte levels can cause kidney damage and reduced kidney function.

Treatment for bulimia typically includes therapy and nutrition counseling. Eating disorder support groups, both online and in person, are often beneficial to recovery. Medical professionals may also look to treat the mental health problems that frequently accompany bulimia, which are body dysmorphia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression. Dietary specialists can assist patients with reintegrating foods into their diet and increasing consumed calories. Some patients may attend inpatient rehabilitation or eating disorder clinics, which provide all of the above treatments in a residential facility.

Fortunately, many people recover from bulimia and are able to fully restore their health.

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States for both men and women. This includes coronary artery disease, heart attacks, congestive heart failure, and congenital heart disease. Some conditions, such as genetics, cannot be controlled. But there are many other things one can do to lower their risk for heart disease. Controlling high blood pressure and cholesterol levels, reducing or stopping smoking, exercising more and losing weight if needed, and eating a diet low in sodium can all protect the heart.

Angina is a squeezing type of chest pain that happens when the muscles around the heart don't get enough oxygen. It can be regular or infrequent. Usually, angina is caused by coronary heart disease. However, not all chest pain is angina. Chest pain can also be caused by a lung infection or panic attack, for example, so it is important to have any sudden pain checked.

Arrhythmia is the word for when the heart beats too fast, too slow, or irregularly with skipped beats. It can feel frightening, and depending on the type it can be dangerous, but in most cases arrhythmia is not serious and can be treated. It is very common, especially in older adults.

Heart valve problems can happen in any one of the the heart's four valves that keep blood flowing where it needs to go. Babies can be born with problems in their heart valves, or valves can be damaged by infections. The valves can stiffen and become less mobile, or they can stop closing properly and 'leak' when the heart beats. Valve problems can usually be repaired surgically.