i
Loading Page
loading, please wait

Select Year:

Home > PA Providers
placeholder image of provider

Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO

Specializes in: Adult Orthopedic Reconstructive Surgery
A.T. Still University, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine (1993)
Professional interests include: knee osteoarthritis, hip problems, hip arthritis, and more.
200 Quinn Drive Ahn N Fayette Health and Wellness Pavilion
Pittsburgh, PA 15275

Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO is an orthopedic reconstructive surgeon in Wexford, PA specializing in adult orthopedic reconstructive surgery. He graduated from A.T. Still University, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine in 1993 and has 33 years of experience. Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO is affiliated with Allegheny Health Network.

View Doctor's Full Profile (412) 359-3895

Office Locations

12311 Perry Highway
Wexford, PA 15090
1-877-660-6777
open_in_new

Allegheny Health Network

1307 Federal Street
Pittsburgh, PA 15212
1-877-660-6777
(412) 359-8055
open_in_new

Allegheny Health Network

200 Quinn Drive Ahn N Fayette Health and Wellness Pavilion
Pittsburgh, PA 15275
(412) 359-3895
(412) 722-1668
open_in_new

Some issues Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO can help you with:

Robotic Surgery

Robotic surgery is a type of minimally invasive surgery, using a tiny opening to get inside the body instead of making a large cut. It uses small tools attached to a thin robotic arm, which is controlled by the surgeon. Robotic surgery may be referred to by the specific kind of robot that is used. The most advanced robot currently in use is called the da Vinci, and surgery using it is sometimes called da Vinci surgery.

There are many benefits to robotic surgery, both for the patient and the surgeon. Robotic surgery allows for more precise movements and increased control during very delicate surgical procedures. This makes performing surgery accurately much easier for surgeons and reduces fatigue. The smaller 'hand' of the robot can enter the body via a much smaller opening, which reduces the risk of infection and scarring and leads to a faster recovery. The robotic hands also contain tiny moveable cameras among their tools, giving surgeons a much closer view of the procedure than would be possible with traditional surgery.

Noteworthy Medicare Patient Procedures Performed by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO in 2024

Click on any procedure below to see further details on volume and pricing among Medicare patients.

Top 25%

By Affordability:

knee arthroplasty
knee reconstruction
knee replacement
lower extremity reconstruction
total hip replacement
total joint replacement
total knee replacement

In 2012, Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO had a list price for knee arthroplasty, knee reconstruction, knee replacement, lower extremity reconstruction, total hip replacement, total joint replacement, and total knee replacement that was lower than the list prices billed to Medicare by 75% of providers in related specialties within Pennsylvania. Actual amounts paid by patients can vary widely depending on a number of factors, including insurance coverage. A lower list price, however, might mean lower fees when paying without insurance.

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2012 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO treated as an orthopedic reconstructive surgeon in Wexford, PA during 2012 were X-rays, musculoskeletal imaging, pelvic imaging and hip imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO for Medicare patients.

aspiration 56
doctor visit 203
hip imaging 79
hospital care 36
injections 56
inpatient care 36
joint surgery 11
lower extremity surgery 11
musculoskeletal imaging 203
pelvic imaging 97
reconstructive surgery 11
X-rays 357

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2013 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO treated as an orthopedic reconstructive surgeon in Wexford, PA during 2013 were X-rays, musculoskeletal imaging, pelvic imaging and hip imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO for Medicare patients.

aspiration 88
doctor visit 247
hip imaging 146
hospital care 26
injections 120
inpatient care 26
joint surgery 14
lower extremity surgery 14
musculoskeletal imaging 293
pelvic imaging 157
reconstructive surgery 14
X-rays 491

2013 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO.

Gender
Male 93
Female 126
Age
From 65 to 74 71
From 75 to 84 68
85 and over 37
Less than 65 43

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO in 2013

Hypertension 75
High Cholesterol 48
Stroke 9
Ischemic Heart Disease 37
Depression 29
Chronic Kidney Disease 28
Asthma 9
Osteoperosis 15
Atrial Fibrilation 17
Heart Failure 25
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 19
Diabetes 31
Dementia 15
Cancer 11

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2014 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO treated as an orthopedic reconstructive surgeon in Wexford, PA during 2014 were X-rays, musculoskeletal imaging, injections and pelvic imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO for Medicare patients.

aspiration 83
doctor visit 223
hip imaging 100
hospital care 15
injections 115
inpatient care 15
musculoskeletal imaging 204
pelvic imaging 111
X-rays 345

2014 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO.

Gender
Male 82
Female 120
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White 187
Black 0
Hispanic 0
Asian 0
Other 0
Native American 0
Age
From 65 to 74 71
From 75 to 84 50
85 and over 31
Less than 65 50

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO in 2014

Hypertension 70
High Cholesterol 52
Stroke 6
Ischemic Heart Disease 39
Depression 29
Chronic Kidney Disease 18
Asthma 9
Osteoperosis 13
Atrial Fibrilation 14
Heart Failure 22
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 20
Diabetes 28
Dementia 11
Cancer 5

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2015 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO treated as an orthopedic reconstructive surgeon in Wexford, PA during 2015 were X-rays, musculoskeletal imaging, injections and pelvic imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO for Medicare patients.

aspiration 89
doctor visit 253
hip imaging 112
hospital care 17
injections 124
inpatient care 17
musculoskeletal imaging 228
pelvic imaging 123
X-rays 379

2015 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO.

Gender
Male 170
Female 284
Age
From 65 to 74 190
From 75 to 84 98
85 and over 68
Less than 65 98

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO in 2015

Hypertension 75
High Cholesterol 62
Stroke 8
Ischemic Heart Disease 40
Depression 32
Chronic Kidney Disease 28
Asthma 12
Osteoperosis 10
Atrial Fibrilation 19
Heart Failure 19
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 15
Diabetes 33
Dementia 12
Cancer 11

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2016 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO treated as an orthopedic reconstructive surgeon in Wexford, PA during 2016 were injections, aspiration, X-rays and musculoskeletal imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO for Medicare patients.

aspiration 104
doctor visit 269
hospital care 17
injections 137
inpatient care 17
joint surgery 13
lower extremity surgery 13
musculoskeletal imaging 93
reconstructive surgery 13
X-rays 93

2016 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO.

Gender
Male 91
Female 147
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White 222
Black 0
Hispanic 0
Asian 0
Other 0
Native American 0
Age
From 65 to 74 103
From 75 to 84 69
85 and over 32
Less than 65 34

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO in 2016

Hypertension 74
High Cholesterol 58
Stroke 10
Ischemic Heart Disease 34
Depression 28
Chronic Kidney Disease 27
Asthma 17
Osteoperosis 12
Atrial Fibrilation 12
Heart Failure 19
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 14
Diabetes 32
Dementia 14
Cancer 11

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2017 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO treated as an orthopedic reconstructive surgeon in Wexford, PA during 2017 were X-rays, injections, musculoskeletal imaging and aspiration.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO for Medicare patients.

aspiration 107
doctor visit 291
hospital care 23
injections 118
inpatient care 23
joint surgery 29
lower extremity surgery 29
musculoskeletal imaging 109
pelvic imaging 14
reconstructive surgery 29
X-rays 123

2017 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO.

Gender
Male 102
Female 160
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White 241
Black 0
Hispanic 0
Asian 0
Other 0
Native American 0
Age
From 65 to 74 114
From 75 to 84 72
85 and over 32
Less than 65 44

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO in 2017

Hypertension 71
High Cholesterol 48
Stroke 6
Ischemic Heart Disease 32
Depression 31
Chronic Kidney Disease 37
Asthma 7
Osteoperosis 12
Atrial Fibrilation 14
Heart Failure 21
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 21
Diabetes 27
Dementia 16
Cancer 11

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2018 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO treated as an orthopedic reconstructive surgeon in Wexford, PA during 2018 were X-rays, musculoskeletal imaging, aspiration and injections.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO for Medicare patients.

aspiration 114
computer assisted surgery (CAS) 24
doctor visit 300
hospital care 40
injections 114
inpatient care 40
joint surgery 39
lower extremity surgery 39
musculoskeletal imaging 121
pelvic imaging 11
reconstructive surgery 39
X-rays 132

2018 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO.

Gender
Male 98
Female 183
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White 260
Black 0
Hispanic 0
Asian 0
Other 0
Native American 0
Age
From 65 to 74 128
From 75 to 84 83
85 and over 35
Less than 65 35

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO in 2018

Hypertension 72
High Cholesterol 60
Stroke 5
Ischemic Heart Disease 37
Depression 28
Chronic Kidney Disease 34
Asthma 12
Osteoperosis 17
Atrial Fibrilation 15
Heart Failure 19
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 20
Diabetes 29
Dementia 16
Cancer 9

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2019 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO treated as an orthopedic reconstructive surgeon in Wexford, PA during 2019 were aspiration, injections, X-rays and musculoskeletal imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO for Medicare patients.

aspiration 111
computer assisted surgery (CAS) 18
doctor visit 296
hospital care 17
injections 111
inpatient care 17
joint surgery 40
lower extremity surgery 40
musculoskeletal imaging 107
reconstructive surgery 40
X-rays 107

2019 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO.

Gender
Male 100
Female 171
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White 254
Black 0
Hispanic 0
Asian 0
Other 0
Native American 0
Age
From 65 to 74 142
From 75 to 84 60
85 and over 35
Less than 65 34

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO in 2019

Hypertension 70
High Cholesterol 63
Stroke 0
Ischemic Heart Disease 35
Depression 29
Chronic Kidney Disease 31
Asthma 10
Osteoperosis 11
Atrial Fibrilation 14
Heart Failure 17
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 14
Diabetes 27
Dementia 12
Cancer 11

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2020 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO treated as an orthopedic reconstructive surgeon in Wexford, PA during 2020 were aspiration, injections, X-rays and musculoskeletal imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO for Medicare patients.

aspiration 89
doctor visit 243
hospital care 12
injections 89
inpatient care 12
joint surgery 43
lower extremity surgery 43
musculoskeletal imaging 68
reconstructive surgery 43
X-rays 68

2020 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO.

Gender
Male 93
Female 139
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White 206
Black 0
Hispanic 0
Asian 0
Other 0
Native American 0
Age
From 65 to 74 142
From 75 to 84 42
85 and over 24
Less than 65 24

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO in 2020

Hypertension 68
High Cholesterol 60
Stroke 0
Ischemic Heart Disease 28
Depression 27
Chronic Kidney Disease 23
Asthma 9
Osteoperosis 18
Atrial Fibrilation 14
Heart Failure 14
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 12
Diabetes 23
Dementia 9
Cancer 13

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2021 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO treated as an orthopedic reconstructive surgeon in Wexford, PA during 2021 were aspiration, injections, X-rays and musculoskeletal imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO for Medicare patients.

aspiration 100
doctor visit 294
hospital care 12
injections 100
inpatient care 12
joint surgery 41
lower extremity surgery 41
musculoskeletal imaging 81
reconstructive surgery 41
X-rays 81

2021 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO.

Gender
Male 98
Female 157
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White 233
Black 0
Hispanic 0
Asian 0
Other 0
Native American 0
Age
From 65 to 74 148
From 75 to 84 68
85 and over 20
Less than 65 19

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO in 2021

Hypertension 75
High Cholesterol 64
Stroke 0
Ischemic Heart Disease 35
Depression 25
Chronic Kidney Disease 29
Asthma 9
Osteoperosis 17
Atrial Fibrilation 13
Heart Failure 18
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 13
Diabetes 23
Dementia 13
Cancer 11

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2022 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO treated as an orthopedic reconstructive surgeon in Wexford, PA during 2022 were aspiration, injections, X-rays and musculoskeletal imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO for Medicare patients.

aspiration 119
doctor visit 281
hospital care 21
injections 119
inpatient care 21
joint surgery 44
lower extremity surgery 44
musculoskeletal imaging 107
reconstructive surgery 44
X-rays 107

2022 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO.

Gender
Male 121
Female 174
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White 276
Black 0
Hispanic 0
Asian 0
Other 0
Native American 0
Age
From 65 to 74 172
From 75 to 84 66
85 and over 29
Less than 65 28

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO in 2022

Hypertension 75
High Cholesterol 75
Stroke 8
Ischemic Heart Disease 29
Depression 28
Chronic Kidney Disease 23
Asthma 13
Osteoperosis 21
Atrial Fibrilation 18
Heart Failure 16
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 16
Diabetes 29
Dementia 5
Cancer 11

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2023 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO treated as an orthopedic reconstructive surgeon in Wexford, PA during 2023 were aspiration, injections, X-rays and musculoskeletal imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO for Medicare patients.

aspiration 139
doctor visit 314
hospital care 19
injections 139
inpatient care 19
joint surgery 40
lower extremity surgery 40
musculoskeletal imaging 80
reconstructive surgery 40
X-rays 80

2023 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO.

Gender
Male 119
Female 186
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White 278
Black 13
Hispanic 0
Asian 0
Other 0
Native American 0
Age
From 65 to 74 196
From 75 to 84 75
85 and over 19
Less than 65 15

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO in 2023

Hypertension 74
High Cholesterol 75
Stroke 8
Ischemic Heart Disease 27
Depression 27
Chronic Kidney Disease 20
Asthma 12
Osteoperosis 23
Atrial Fibrilation 19
Heart Failure 14
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 13
Diabetes 29
Dementia 5
Cancer 11

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

2024 Medicare Procedure Volume

The top procedures that Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO treated as an orthopedic reconstructive surgeon in Wexford, PA during 2024 were aspiration, injections, X-rays and musculoskeletal imaging.

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO for Medicare patients.

aspiration 134
doctor visit 267
hospital care 31
injections 134
inpatient care 31
joint surgery 45
lower extremity surgery 45
musculoskeletal imaging 95
reconstructive surgery 45
X-rays 95

2024 Medicare Patient Data

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO.

Gender
Male 126
Female 187
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White 286
Black 13
Hispanic 0
Asian 0
Other 0
Native American 0
Age
From 65 to 74 191
From 75 to 84 99
85 and over 0
Less than 65 0

Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO in 2024

Hypertension 74
High Cholesterol 75
Stroke 7
Ischemic Heart Disease 30
Depression 21
Chronic Kidney Disease 21
Asthma 12
Osteoperosis 24
Atrial Fibrilation 18
Heart Failure 14
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 15
Diabetes 26
Dementia 5
Cancer 12

Medicare Procedure and Patient Information

Average Medicare Procedure Volume From 2012 - 2024

Volume of procedures performed by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO for Medicare patients.

The highest averages for the top procedures that Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO treated as an orthopedic reconstructive surgeon in Wexford, PA were X-rays, musculoskeletal imaging, injections and hip imaging.

aspiration 102
computer assisted surgery (CAS) 21
doctor visit 267
hip imaging 109
hospital care 22
injections 113
inpatient care 22
joint surgery 32
lower extremity surgery 32
musculoskeletal imaging 137
pelvic imaging 85
reconstructive surgery 32
X-rays 189

Average Medicare Patient Data From 2012 - 2024

Information about Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO.

Gender
Female 156
Male 99
Ethnicity
Black / African American 2
Asian / Pacific Islander 0
Non-Hispanic White 187
Hispanic 0
Native American / Alaskan Native 0
Other 0
Age
85 and over 27
75 to 84 65
Less than 65 32
65 to 74 128

Average of Total of Conditions of Medicare patients treated by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO From 2012 - 2024

The highest averages of the most common conditions of Medicare patients that Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO treated were hypertension, high cholesterol, ischemic heart disease and depression.

Hypertension 67
High Cholesterol 56
Stroke 5
Ischemic Heart Disease 31
Depression 25
Chronic Kidney Disease 24
Asthma 10
Osteoporosis 14
Heart Failure 16
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 14
Diabetes 25
Atrial Fibrillation 14
Cancer 9
Dementia 10

Education & Training

Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO graduated from A.T. Still University, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine in 1993. He completed residency at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC). He is certified by the American Osteopathic Board of Orthopedic Surgery - Orthopedic Surgery and has a state license in Pennsylvania.

Medical School: A.T. Still University, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine (1993)

Residency: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC)

Board Certification: American Osteopathic Board of Orthopedic Surgery - Orthopedic Surgery

Licensed In: Pennsylvania

Ratings & Reviews

Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO has an exceptional overall rating with an average of 4.9 out of 5 stars based on 286 ratings. We collect ratings and reviews of Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO from all over the web to help you find the right in Wexford, PA. 

4.9
Overall Rating
Leave a Review

General Payments

These charts describe general payments received by Dr. Jeffrey Joseph Sewecke, DO. Doctors may receive payments for a number of reasons, including meal compensation, travel compensation, and consulting.

Payments by Company
Globus Medical, Inc. $50,503 Genflex2 Total Knee System
$10,865 		Knee Robot & Implant
$10,331 		Legacy Stelkast Knee
$8,345 		Cementless Knee
$7,362 		GENU
$7,362 		Other
$6,237
Kyocera Medical Technologies, Inc. $22,505
$22,505
Renovis Surgical Technologies, Inc. $17,627
$17,627
Smith & Nephew, Inc. $4,110 Recon Hips
$1,893 		Recon Knees
$924 		Other Recon
$207 		Trauma Limb Restoration
$128 		Legion Revision
$119 		Other
$839
Stryker Corporation $2,060 Mako
$1,669 		TRIATHLON
$198 		MAKOplasty
$142 		Axsos
$28 		TRAUMA & EXTREMITIES
$15 		Other
$9
Other $3,116 Sports Medicine
$707 		HemiCAP Shoulder
$461 		HemiCAP Knee
$214 		VA-LCP
$169 		NA
$132 		Other
$1,433
Types of Payments
Royalty or License $40,135
Consulting Fee $39,775
Travel and Lodging $11,883
Food and Beverage $4,329
Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program $3,800

Biography

Dr. Jeffrey Sewecke is a specialist in adult orthopedic reconstructive surgery in Pittsburgh, PA and Wexford, PA. He is rated highly by his patients. Clinical interests for Dr. Sewecke include anterior hip replacement, knee osteoarthritis, and minimally invasive knee replacement. He graduated from A.T. Still University, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine and then he performed his residency at Allegheny General Hospital and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC). He is professionally affiliated with Allegheny Health Network.