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Dr. Janelle Santos, MD is a perinatologist in Rochester, MN specializing in maternal and fetal medicine. She graduated from Mount Sinai School of Medicine in 2017 and has 9 years of experience. Dr. Janelle Santos, MD is affiliated with Mayo Clinic.
Cesarean Section (C-Section)
A Cesarean section (more often known as "C-Section") is a surgery performed during labor and delivery. A C-Section is a procedure that delivers a baby through an incision in the lower abdomen and uterus. In the United States, about a third of all births are performed by Cesarean section. Most often, a C-section is done by an obstetrician/gynecologist (OB-GYN), or in certain regions, a general surgeon or family physician.
C-section incisions can be up-and-down (vertical), from belly button to lower abdomen or side-to-side (horizontal), across the lower abdomen. Side-to-side incisions are more frequently used. After the exterior incisions are made, the doctor then cuts into the uterus and amniotic sac and delivers the infant and cuts the baby's umbilical cord. The mother receives medicine to expel the placenta and the doctor helps to safely remove it. Finally, the doctor uses sutures to seal the uterus and tissue incisions. The initial C-section skin incision is also closed with sutures or staples.
C-sections are typically performed with regional anesthesia, which inhibits pain in the lower half of the body, but allows mothers to be awake. However, some mothers may receive general anesthesia, where they are put to sleep during the surgical procedure.
C-sections may be planned or unplanned, depending on the circumstances of the birth.
Pre-existing conditions like heart disease, high blood pressure, herpes, and HIV may prompt a doctor to prescribe a C-section. Other situations for C-section include:
Other mothers may require a C-section due to complications arising during delivery. These unplanned, emergency C-sections allow for a healthy birth even when complex complications are present. Problems during labor which may necessitate a C-section include:
Mothers should expect about a six-week recovery period following a C-section, including an initial hospital stay of two to three days. While in the hospital, mothers may spend time with their baby and begin breastfeeding. After returning home, mothers should limit strenuous activities such as lifting, reaching, and exercise, and should make sure to get plenty of rest.
Dr. Janelle Santos, MD graduated from Mount Sinai School of Medicine in 2017. She completed residency at Jackson Memorial Medical Center. She is certified by the Obstetrics & Gynecology American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology and has a state license in Minnesota.
Medical School: Mount Sinai School of Medicine (2017)
Residency: Jackson Memorial Medical Center (2021)
Board Certification: Obstetrics & Gynecology American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (2022)
Licensed In: Minnesota
Dr. Janelle Santos, MD is associated with these hospitals and organizations:
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Dr. Janelle Santos practices maternal and fetal medicine in Rochester, MN. She has indicated that her clinical interests include genetic issues and congenital heart disease. She graduated from Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Dr. Santos completed her residency training at Jackson Memorial Medical Center. In addition to English, Dr. Santos speaks Spanish. She is professionally affiliated with Mayo Clinic.
