Surgeon - Irwin, PA

What is Surgery?

Surgery is the field of medicine dedicated to using surgical procedures to treat medical conditions. Surgical procedures can remove, transplant, or reposition organs and tissue within the body and can also implant medical devices. Some surgical procedures such as incisional biopsy can assist physicians in making more accurate diagnoses. Many surgeons practice a surgical specialty, an area of surgery focused on a region of the body or group of health conditions. Surgical specialties include, but are not limited to:

Neurosurgery, surgery of the neural regions (head, brain, neck)
Cardiothoracic surgery, surgery of the chest cavity and heart
Orthopedic surgery, surgery of muscles, joints, and bones
Female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery, surgery of the female pelvic area and reproductive tract
Pediatric surgery, a broad range of surgeries for children of all ages
Plastic surgery, surgery of the body for cosmetic or restorative purposes, such as to reconstruct the face following trauma
Spine surgery, surgical procedures of the spinal cord and spine regions
Vascular surgery, surgery of the blood vessels
Surgical oncology, surgery for tumors and cancers
Ophthalmic surgery, surgery of the eyes
Oral and maxillofacial surgery, surgery of the head, neck, mouth, and jaws
Transplant surgery, surgery to replace organs or diseased tissue with healthy donor organs or tissue

Surgeons can assess patients with imaging scans (X-ray, MRI, CT scan), medical history, biopsy (tissue sample), or other tests. Surgeons may perform physical examinations to determine whether surgery is required. Patients who receive a diagnosis of a condition that is not life-threatening, but may benefit from surgery, can opt for elective surgery. Elective surgery is any surgical procedure that can be planned for at an earlier date. For example, patients may decide to receive surgery for vision correction or for a hip replacement. Some surgeries are unplanned (also referred to as emergency surgeries), such as when an appendix ruptures or an individual endures severe injury.

Surgeons may collaborate with anesthesiologists, primary care physicians, specialists, and surgical assistants, among others.