Pediatric Pathologist - Chicago, IL

What is Pediatric Pathology?

Pediatric pathology is a specialty that studies cell samples to diagnose children's medical conditions that may not be apparent from patients' symptoms or physical appearance. Pediatric pathologists use advanced laboratory equipment such as powerful microscopes to examine the structure and health of samples where irregularities may indicate that a child has a certain disorder or illness.

Pediatric pathologists are physicians who have received training in pathology and pediatrics and can engage in a variety of pathology specialties, each of which focuses on a specific type of test or group of diseases. For example, pediatric pathologists may subspecialize in:

Pediatric surgical pathology, testing and diagnosis for children's tumors and other conditions
Pediatric microbiology pathology, testing and diagnosing for children's infections
Pediatric hematopathology, testing and diagnosis for children's blood and bone marrow disorders
Pediatric chemical pathology, biochemical testing and diagnosis for children's disorders
Molecular genetic pathology, testing and diagnosis for genetic mutations and diseases
Pediatric transfusion medicine, testing for children's blood transfusions

If a child is suspected or at risk of having a disorder, his or her pediatrician may collect and send a sample to a pediatric pathology lab. Such samples may be collected through blood draw, biopsy (small amount of removed tissue), and fine needle aspiration (fluid drawn from a thin needle), among other techniques. Pediatric pathologists may use microscopic examination to visually analyze patient samples. More advanced techniques clinical pathologists may use include:

Immunofluorescence, where fluorescently dyed antibodies added to specimens can reveal antigens and cell traits
Cytogenetics, where DNA microarrays may scan a child's genome to detect disorders
FISH, or fluorescence in situ hybridization, which can identify genetic fragments of disease
Microbial stains and cultures, where small samples or smears are dyed to emphasize cell structure during microscopical examination

Pediatric pathologists may work alongside pediatricians, cytogeneticists, clinical pathologists, pathology lab technicians, and other medical professionals.