Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, is one of the most common disorders diagnosed in children. It is characterized by hyperactivity and difficulty maintaining focus or paying attention. ADHD may last into adulthood for some patients. Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with this condition than girls, although medical experts are unsure why this is. ADHD symptoms include:

• Forgetfulness in home, school, and work activities
• Inability to sustain focus for longer periods of time
• Frequent distraction by other stimuli
• Tendency to fidget and squirm
• Excessive talk and movements

There are three main types of ADHD:

• Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive types show symptoms such as constant fidgeting, talking non-stop, touching everything, having trouble sitting still and waiting their turn, and interrupting others.
• Predominantly inattentive types are easily distracted or bored. They may wander off during tasks, forget instructions, daydream, or appear not to be listening. This type sometimes goes undiagnosed as children with it are not hyperactive and may have few behavioral issues.
• Combined types show symptoms from both categories. This type is the most common type of ADHD.

Treatment can include stimulant medications and behavioral therapy to teach patients ways to navigate their world and control symptoms better. In addition to treatment, accommodations at school or work can greatly help people with ADHD improve their productivity and confidence. A structured environment (with lots of organization and well-defined rules) seems to help most children with ADHD function at their best.

ADHD is mainly thought of as a disorder that affects children, but symptoms can last into adulthood for many. In adults, ADHD has similar symptoms as when it is seen in children: impulsive behavior and difficulty maintaining focus. These symptoms can cause problems in both careers and relationships. Additionally, adults with ADHD are at increased risk for substance abuse. Medications can be an important part of treatment for adults, as well as learning stress reduction techniques and organization skills. Specialized ADHD coaches can help adults with ADHD manage their symptoms and thrive in life.