Dr. Allen Li, MD, MS

An individual with anemia will have the following symptoms: shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness, cold hands or feet, paleness, and irritability. Anemia is diagnosed when blood tests show low counts for hemoglobin, which is the protein responsible for carrying oxygen to different tissues throughout the body.

Treatments for anemia are dependent on the kind of anemia an individual has. For example, iron supplementation may correct iron deficiency anemia. For anemia caused by chronic kidney failure, chemotherapy treatments, and HIV/AIDS, a group of medications called erythropoiesis-stimulating agents may be prescribed.

Asthma is a chronic disease where swollen, inflamed airways make it hard to breathe. It is often brought on by specific triggers. While asthma is a common condition, affecting millions of people, it can also be serious and even fatal in severe cases. Treatment involves avoiding triggers and using inhaled corticosteroid medications.

COPD, or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, is the name given to two illnesses that both cause difficulty breathing: emphysema and chronic bronchitis. In emphysema, the air sacs of the lungs become damaged, while with bronchitis they become clogged with mucus. COPD is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. It is almost always caused by breathing irritants into the lungs, such as smoking or heavy pollution.

Pneumonia is a lung infection that can be caused by bacteria, a virus, or fungi. Most healthy people recover from pneumonia in a week or two, but for some people pneumonia can be fatal. There are treatments available for pneumonia, but the best treatment is to prevent getting sick in the first place. People who are at risk should make sure they get a flu shot every year. There is also a vaccine available for the type of bacteria that causes pneumonia.

Lung cancer occurs when abnormal cells inside the lung grow into a tumor, destroying healthy tissue. Because it is so difficult to detect lung cancer in early stages when it has few symptoms, it is the deadliest form of cancer, responsible for the most cancer deaths both in the U.S. and worldwide. Most lung cancer is caused by exposure to tobacco smoke, but between 10-15% of cases are not linked to smoking.

Some problems with the lungs are minor and are not cause for concern. However if symptoms have lasted for a month or more, even if they are minor, it is worth checking with a healthcare professional. A cough, shortness of breath, or excess mucus production that lingers for weeks are all worth getting looked at.

Before treatment is begun, patients and their doctors first have to identify different factors that trigger their symptoms. Then, skin tests are done to confirm which substances cause allergic reactions. Blood tests may be performed as well, but they are typically not necessary.

There are two phases to subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy: a build-up phase and a maintenance phase. The build-up phase lasts three to six months, during which patients receive shots with increasing amounts of the allergens once or twice a week. When the effective dose is reached, the maintenance phase begins and may continue for up to five years.

Although allergy shots are the longest-lasting and most effective allergy treatment available, they are not for everyone. If patients have heart problems, high blood pressure, or severe asthma, they should not be given allergy shots. The injections are generally safe, but they may have a little swelling at the injection site, which is normal. Rarely, severe shock-like reactions, called anaphylaxis, can also occur. Patients will likely be required by their doctor to stay for half an hour after their shot, so in the event of an anaphylactic reaction, it can be treated immediately.